FNAC- Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology

What is FNAC?

The FNAC or Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology test is used to identify the type of cancer cells that are present in a tissue sample. The test is a low-cost, straightforward, and quick means to sample extraneous lumps and masses that may be seen in the breasts, neck, etc.

How does the test work?

A small gauge needle is used to take a sample, which is then examined under a microscope after being inserted into the suspicious mass. The entire process is not complex and includes a pretty straightforward and painless surgical operation. The test primarily aids in the diagnosis of cancer and inflammatory diseases. Contrary to open surgery, a biopsy is significantly easier, faster, and safer. The likelihood of any difficulties following the test is extremely low. The test is always conducted by an experienced pathologist. A pathologist will perform the following before he begins your test:

Check your pulse
Check your blood pressure
Check your body temperature
Give you a sedative orally or through an injection

How should you prepare for your FNAC test?

It is recommended to stop the consumption of aspirin and other anti-inflammatory medications at least one week before the test.
A few hours of fasting are required before the test is to be done, make sure you follow that
Anticoagulants against blood must not be utilized.
The biopsy must be performed at least two weeks after routine blood tests were started.
Don’t be nervous, since the surgical process is not complex you have got nothing to worry about

What are the uses of the FNAC test?

The FNAC test is used for the detection of other conditions along with cancer. With the aid of ultrasound-guided aspiration, the procedure is utilized for a variety of tests, including chorionic villus sample, body fluid sampling, breast abscess, breast cysts, and seromas. The Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology aids in the early detection of breast cancer and tests swellings for TB, Toxoplasmosis, Granulomatous Lymphadenitis, Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma, and other diseases. It also aids in the analysis of cytological alterations a patient is experiencing.

What is the procedure to extract the cells for testing?

The procedure for the whole extraction process is like any other extraction. Usually, numbing is not used when treating superficial masses that are closer to the skin. However, a local anaesthetic is used when the mass to be investigated is inside. A towel is sterilized and kept over the area where the biopsy is to be performed after sanitiser has been applied to the skin.

The problematic tissue is aspirated through the needle once it has been placed into the bulge or swelling. For an effective sample of the bulk or lump, the technique could be carried out more than once. If the mass cannot be detected in any other way, X-rays might be employed.

Is this surgery affordable for all?

Surely, this surgery does not cost a lot and is affordable for people of any economic background.

Locations

Patna Cancer Centre was established to provide comprehensive cancer care to patients from all over India. The centre has since grown to become a leading cancer treatment and research facility in Jehanabad, Gaya and Patna. Along with a wide range of cancer care services from diagnosis, treatment, and research, to preventive education, the hospital also offers a state-of-the-art surgery suite equipped with the latest surgical equipment and technologies.